Onion Production Technology

Onion is a high-demand, high-profit crop, and with modern production technology, farmers can achieve higher yields, better quality, and longer storage life. Precision irrigation, AI-powered pest control, and smart storage techniques are revolutionizing onion farming for maximum profitability!

Ideal Climate & Soil Conditions

Temperature: 12°C to 25°C is ideal. Below 10°C slows growth, while above 30°C affects bulb formation.

Rainfall: Requires 700–1,000 mm annually, but controlled irrigation is preferred.

Soil: Loamy, well-drained soil with a pH of 6.0–7.5.

Sunlight: Prefers 10-12 hours of direct sunlight daily for proper bulb development.

Seed Selection & Nursery Management

Hybrid & disease-resistant varieties like Arka Kalyan, NHRDF Red, and Pusa Riddhi.

Seedlings grown in trays under polyhouse conditions ensure better germination.

Drip irrigation & mist systems maintain ideal moisture levels.

Land Preparation & Transplanting

Fine tilth soil with raised beds improves root development.

Spacing: Rows: 15-20 cm apart, Plant-to-plant: 10 cm for uniform bulb size.

Mulching with organic materials conserves moisture and controls weeds.

Smart Irrigation & Water Management

Drip irrigation with fertigation saves 40-50% water and improves nutrient uptake.

Soil moisture sensors & automated irrigation prevent overwatering.

 Fertilization & Nutrient Management

NPK Requirements:

• Nitrogen (N): Supports vegetative growth.
• Phosphorus (P): Enhances root strength and bulb size.
• Potassium (K): Improves bulb quality and shelf life.

Pest & Disease Control

Major pests: Onion thrips, cutworms, leaf miners.

Common diseases: Downy mildew, purple blotch, onion smut.

Integrated Pest Management (IPM):

Harvesting & Post-Harvest Technology

Harvesting begins in 90-120 days, when 50% of leaves dry and fall over.

Curing onions for 2-3 weeks under shade extends shelf life.

Cold storage at 0-4°C prevents sprouting and spoilage.