Mango
Mango
Production in India –
- What is Mango?
Botanical name: Mangifera indica L.
Known as the “King of Fruits” in India.
Widely loved for its sweet taste, juicy pulp, and aroma.
Used for fresh consumption, juices, pickles, jams, and desserts.
- India’s Rank in Mango Production
India is the world’s largest producer of mangoes, contributing over 40% of global production.
Major mango exporting countries: India, Mexico, Thailand
- Top Mango Producing States in India
Rank State Contribution (%) Famous Varieties
1) Uttar Pradesh ~23% Dasheri, Langra, Chausa
2) Andhra Pradesh ~15% Banganapalli, Totapuri
3) Maharashtra ~12% Alphonso (Hapus), Kesar
4) Bihar ~10% Malda, Zardalu
5) Karnataka ~8% Raspuri, Badami
Other States: Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Telangana, Odisha
- Climate & Temperature Requirements
Type: Tropical and sub-tropical fruit
Ideal temperature: 24°C – 30°C
Chilling sensitive: Cannot tolerate frost or extreme cold
Rainfall: 750–2500 mm (well-distributed; avoid during flowering)
Sunlight: Full sunlight is essential for flowering and fruit development
- Soil and Agronomy
- Soil type: Deep, well-drained loamy or alluvial soils preferred
- pH: 5.5 – 7.5
- Spacing: 10 x 10 m (for traditional varieties), 5 x 5 m (for high-density planting)
- Propagation: Grafting (veneer, epicotyl or stone grafting)
- Flowering: December to February
- Harvest season: April to July
- Bearing age: Starts after 3–5 years; full bearing by 8–10 years
- Yield: 8–10 tons/ha (can go up to 20+ tons under high-tech orchards)
- Economic Importance
- Mango is the most widely grown fruit crop in India.
- Major export fruit to UAE, UK, Bangladesh, and Gulf countries.
- Used in food processing (amchur, mango pulp, squash, jams, pickles).
- Provides employment to millions of farmers and laborers.
- Attractive & Interesting Facts
- Mango is India’s national fruit.
- Alphonso (Hapus) is considered the best mango in terms of flavor and export quality.
- Mango trees can live over 100 years and grow up to 30 meters tall.
- The word “mango” comes from the Tamil word “mangkay”.
- Mango leaves are used in Hindu rituals and festivals.
- India has over 1000 named mango varieties – but ~30 are commercially important.